FREEMASONRY, THE TERCENTENARY OF CRAFTSMANSHIP AND BEYOND. (April 2017)

By: Bro. Afeez Adeshola Crescent Adebayo
Niger Lodge #3882 UGLE



When sometimes around February this year, on an online forum, Wor. Bro. Ade Bakare shared a circular issued by Abuja Lodge #9866EC inviting brethren to participate in a Masonic essay, in memory of our beloved departed Wor. Bro. Ima Kagho. PADGM, a very fine and quintessential Mason. To some of us who were privileged to have known and interacted with him before his translation to the Grand Lodge above, his memories are evergreen. Having missed out during his elaborate Masonic obsequy, I consider this a huge and substituted opportunity to pay my last respect. We are consoled  knowing he led a life squared, leveled and plumbed. Permit me to thank the Worshipful Master, Wardens,  and the entire Brethren of the Abuja Lodge for this very worthy cause in preserving our illustrious brother’s cherished values and memories. May his soul continue to rest in the bosom of the most High God.

I find myself humbled and privileged to be making this submission, how much more, dwelling on a topic as versed as this, and one I think you would find very interesting. Titled: Freemasonry, The Tercentenary of Craftsmanship and Beyond.
As the four corners of the Masonic world join the United Grand lodge of Antient Free and Accepted Masons of England in celebrating the three hundred glorious years of its formation. Indeed, an institution as versed as Freemasonry, a day of which is but a volume of hundreds of pages itself if is is to be penned down. I would be greatly constrained by space, this could be considered a preface to a larger work itself.  However, I would endeavor to dwell on certain areas of our cherished history, as no book, left alone a paper of this nature can adequately chronicle Masonry in the British Isle or the world of Freemasonry at large. For the purpose of this task, it would be largely restricted to English Masonry. Please join me, let’s go.

WHENCE IT ALL BEGAN:
That our antient and honourable institution has subsisted from time immemorial is not a subject of doubt to many, although there have been several postulations by different eminent historians, Masonic and otherwise, as to the true origin of the Royal Art. Some have routed our history to the medieval guild of stone-Masons in Scotland and elsewhere, some accounts informed us of The Templar connections, the Druids, even to the mythical lost island of Atlantis. How ancient then is our honourable society?

After the exodus of the Israelites from the captivities of Egyptians, while marching to Canaan, two of the Israelites, one BEZALEEL of the tribe of Judah and another AHOLIAB of the tribe of Dan, were divinely inspired to erect a glorious Tabernacle, where the Shekinah resided, built in accordance to the design divinely revealed to Moses, this design would later be the model of King Solomon temple, the tabernacle was erected with the aid of Geometry, the craft which was brought to Egypt by MITZRAHIM son of Ham, was learnt by Moses and it was taught to the Israelite, Moses, who himself became the head of the Israelite.  Upon leaving Egypt, the Israelite were a kingdom of Masons, divinely inspired and enabled in the sublime knowledge of Masonry. From the beginning, the patriarch of humankind Adam, taught his sons the art of Geometry, it was said that a city was built and consecrated by Cain, which he named after his first son Enoch. The art was passed on and on up to Noah down to the Assyrians and the line continued downward to our own immediate ancestry, the medieval guild of Stone - Masons.
The first of the Seven Wonders of the World came with the building of God’s house at Jerusalem, built and dedicated to God by the wisest of earthly Kings. Accounts show that 3,600 Master Masons, 80, 000 stone hewers or fellows of craft and 70,000 Labourers were engaged in the glorious task. Upon completion and solemn dedication of the Temple exactly seven years later, many of the artists engaged in the building dispersed themselves to several cities of the then known world: Mesopotamia, Syria, Assyria, Chaldea, Babylon, Persia, Arabia, Africa, Lesser Asia, Greece and other part of Europe, including Scotland and England. Where they taught the Royal Art to free born and sons of eminent persons, as no slave or bondmen are allowed in the work of Masonry. Thus, Freemasonry is the daughter of Geometry, spread by Euclid in Egypt and widely propagated by Pythagoras in Europe.

THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD MASONRY:
The word FreeMason or Mason as they have been interchangeably used, was first heard in the year 1376 in the city of London, where by a leaflet, owing to ignorance of the profane world and organized religion,  warning the public about the "society of Masons". The word is meant to denote the hewers or setters of hewn stones. In a separate account, the first known non - operative Mason, Elias Ashmole was recorded to have entered in his diary in 1686, where he referred to have been admitted to the “Fellowship of Free Masons”
There have been divided opinions about the language ancestry of the word Masonry itself by different authorities. If we are to consider the man who works in a quarry, then we would be right but that would be narrowing it to stone-work alone. Let’s look at the various lingual origins of the word Masonry.
The Greek word Maza and Massein which mean to press something together and then the Latin word Massa which refers to a club or society, from thence to the word Mass in English which means to bring together for a united action, in order to achieve a desired goal. Hence, Masonry is amalgamation of stones, bricks, wood, iron, or human being into a compact structure, when these tasks are done, then work of Masonry is complete.

It is worthy of note that beyond the various speculations and assumptions, the “Free” in the word FreeMason does not distinguish between the man who is either operative or speculative Mason, but the word Free, refers to the FREEMAN and freedom of inclination a candidate for the mysteries must possess and ACCEPTED, as being regularly approved by members of his proposed Lodge, usually after he must have been regularly proposed by his sponsor and seconded by another brother, in whose opinion he is worthy of our mysteries.  According to A.S MacBride “As far as the records of the order go, both in England and Scotland, non – operatives are found as members of the Craft and there does not appear to have been any distinction made between them and operatives members in the manners their names were recorded” . In this sense we can safely say that Free Mason as a word refer to both the operatives and the gentlemen Masons or speculative.

FREEMASONRY OF OUR ERA:
Operative Masons operated in several lodges across Europe, a lodge is usually attached to a site of labour, particularly in England and Scotland. It serves both as a resting place and where the skills and mysteries of the craft are passed on from one brother to another. No other institution can boast so noble and honourable like Freemasonry, especially in rectitude of conducts of those that reigned under its banners. It enjoyed royal patronage in the British Isles and elsewhere, reliable accounts show that this patronage dated as far back as King Athelstan of England around 925AD, who was then the patron of Masonry in the British isles. The great turnarounds in the fortune of the craft occurred in  1583 when a gentleman, a scot, named William Schaw was appointed by King James VI as Maister O Wark or Master of Works, to superintendent over the construction of Royal palaces and castles in his realm. As it was predominant then, majority of the stone-Masons were illiterates, the new Master of Work then wrote them a statutes, popularly known as First Schaw Statute in 1598 and another in 1599, detailing various offices, roles and responsibilities attached to each, for the smooth running and governing of their affairs. The statutes were rooted in the Old charges of Freemason and detailed the issue relating to hierarchy and the responsibilities of various officers of the lodge. It carefully crafted, and as it is the tradition, it was unanimously agreed to by assembly of Master Masons.

In 1686, Elias Ashmole an astrologer, philosopher and alchemist was admitted to the Lodge of operative Freemason as a gentleman Mason or speculative, his admission heralded the influx of nobles and intellectuals of the time into Masonic membership. Many prominent members of Royal Society and Newtonian School of thought enlisted, so is the Royal patronage of the craft, with Earls, Lords, Dukes and Kings of England, including our amiable Grand Master, Second Duke of Kent. Wearing our badge with pride and exchanging the scepter for trowel, to spread the cement of brotherly love.

GRAND LODGE:
On 24th June in the year of Masonry 5717 and of the lord 1717, four lodges of gentlemen Masons or speculatives meeting in quaint houses in London, namely:
The Goose and Gridiron
The Rummer and Grapes
The Apple Tree Tavern
The Crown Ale-House
Came together to form what is to be known as Grand Lodge of London and Westminster (Premier Grand Lodge) founded on the three grand principles of Brotherly Love, Relief and Truth, chief among which is Brotherly love, the foundation and copestone, the cement and glory upon which its columns rest. Amongst its early ranks are Dr. Jean Theophilus Desaguliers a Mathematician and Philosopher who emigrated from France to England with his father after the edict of Nantes, his father being a Protestant Pastor. Then there was Rev. James Anderson, a Presbyterian pastor, Anthony Sayer and then Goerge Payne. Anthony Sayer was elected and installed as the first Grand Master of the new Grand Lodge in their inaugural assembly of July 1717.
The roles of Dr. Desaguliers, Rev. James Anderson and George Payne in the growth of the new Grand Lodge were huge. Rev. James Anderson was saddled with the responsibility of compiling the Old Charges as extracted from the oldest Masonic manuscripts, The Regius Poem and from antient records of Lodges beyond the sea and those in England, Scotland and Ireland, the finished work was named after him with the title Anderson Constitution. The job was concluded and adopted by the Grand Lodge in 1723. Ironically unlike his other brethren, Rev. Anderson didn't reign as Grand Master but his name is forever indelible, to him we are forever thankful for his service to the craft.
Records also point that Dr. Desaguliers was responsible for secularizing the antient charges. The previous old charges all began, first with an invocation to the trinity, thereafter it was changed to God and the holy church, both were all together dropped in favour of a simple belief in Supreme Being, Dr. Desaguliers himself being of the Latitudinarian school of theology, who propagated the doctrine of listening to the dictates of reason, divesting the craft of any form of Romanism. The Grand Lodge prospered in no small measure and the benign influence of Masonry was felt in all corners of the globe. The Grand lodge expanded to other free world. Today there are over 195 regular Grand Lodges in fraternal amity with UGLE  and number of lodges on its roll are nearly 10,000. The light was spread to Africa and Nigeria enjoyed its first lodge warrant in the year 1867, with the formation and consecration of Lagos Lodge #1171 EC, several other lodges, including of different obedince have since been warranted and flourishing. Men from all works of life and social status have joined in the assemblies.

ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF MASONIC RITUAL:
Let us trace the origin of our mysterious and colourful ceremonies and its evolution over the years. According to records obtained from Edinburgh House Manuscript of 1696, Airlie MS of 1710 and that of Chetwode Crawley Manuscript of circa 1700, the methods of opening prayer, the traditional history and charges and most importantly, of impacting the Masonic word and the catechism, known and referred to as Masonic ritual.  According to Edinburgh House Manuscript of 1696 “The person to take the word, had to first take an oath of secrecy, in which he swore not to reveal by word or writing any part of what he should see or hear, or to draw it with the point of a sword, or other instrument, upon the snow or sand.…” In a separate account of Chetwode Crawley Manuscript, it confirms that there were but two types of ceremonies, that of Entered Apprentices and of Journeyman or Fellow craft or Masters. These two form the bulk of our ceremonies as they are worked today.
Although prior to 1723 -7 or thereabout , the third degree or the ceremony of raising were unknown and not included in the initiatory process of making of a Mason. According to an explanation of our Antient Charge no IV. of Masters, Fellows and Apprentices “In antient times no brother, however skilled in the craft, was called a master-mason until he had been elected into the chair of the lodge”
However, evidence points out that the legend of the third degree is known by the operatives. Perherps, having joined the Templars in the crusades, it might have filtered to our antient brethren from the local operative Masons.
To add credence to this, Dr. Marks an Hebrew scholar, while conducting researches in Oxford came across an Arabic manuscript of the 14th century containing Masonic signs or Password, some of which cannot be mentioned in this paper, which when translated depicted the existence of the knowledge of the legend of the third degree by the operative Masons even though it wasn't part of the ceremonies of making a Mason.
Interestingly, in June 1986 after a very long discussion, the United Grand Lodge of England resolved to remove the physical penalties from the obligations. Several other Grand Lodges have since adopted same in their rituals. Anti - Masonic sentiments and publications have been so rive and unabated. The UGLE in commemorating the tercentenary, in an unprecedented decision, commissioned Sky TV to produce a documentary about Freemasonry in a television series. The series would include showing some parts of our ritual for the first time for public viewing.

THE SCHISM AND THE UNION:
From the beginning, lodges of Masons have been havens of great minds and intellectual laboratories. No sooner than the Grand Lodge was formed and the development of its rituals, was the question of the Royal Arch relevance brought to the fore, certain section of the brethren held that the Royal Arch is the Fourth degree or the completion of the journey in pure and antient Masonry, while others held that it should be worked as part of workings of the craft lodge. Also was the issue of the word of a Master Mason. After several debates and ensuing disagreements, in 1751 a new Grand Lodge was formed, in contrast it claimed to be antient in origin and the other were then referred to as moderns. Regardless of this schism, brethren of both jurisdictions worked in harmony and Princess of Blood Royal enlisted in both organizations.
THE UNION OF 1813: HRH The Duke of Sussex, KG who was initiated in Berlin on 20th December, 1798 began a Masonic journey which eventually led to the solemn union of the two Grand Lodges. Together with his Royal brother and counterpart in the Antient Grand Lodge, HRH The Duke of Kent and Strathearn, after several meetings of brethren of both jurisdictions, an Articles of Union was drafted on November 8th 1813 which was thereafter ratified by an Especial Grand Lodge communication of both Grand Lodges, convoked separately specifically for the purpose of the ratifying the Articles of Union, which was held concurrently on 1st December, 1813. Signaling the birth of United Grand Lodge of Antient Free and Accepted Masons of England. HRH The Duke of Sussex, KG of the former Modern Grand Lodge was elected as the first Grand Master with a proposition made by his brother, HRH The Duke of Kent and Strathearn, KG. He was installed in a very colourful ceremony attended by thousands of brethren on 2nd May, 1814.
Let me also add that, the Royal Arch chapters of both former Grand Lodges now united, that of the Premier, having been constituted with the Charter of Compact of 1766 and of the antients were merged together to form, Supreme Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Mason of England on 18th March 1817. The merger being one of the decisions in the Articles of Union. Every Master Mason, having been raised for four weeks is eligible to petition a chapter for an exaltation. Indeed, without the Royal Arch, the journey of the Master Mason is uncompleted.

GOING FORWARD:
Let me borrow a phrase from our illustrious and eminent brother, Most Worshipful Brother HRM Igwe Alfred Nnaemeka Achebe the immediate Past Grand Master of Grand Lodge of Nigeria, at a Yoruba Tennis Club event recently, in a lecture he eruditely delivered, where he used the term "The agent of change in an unchanging manners”, in reference to the traditional institution.
Freemasonry can be best captioned this way. For centuries, the antient landmarks of the order have remained unchanged and a slight deviation from it has led to cessation of Masonic amity with those who wish to be recognized by the regular Grand Lodges, particularly that of England. However, Masons as individuals, as Masonry hold no view on subjects of theology and affairs of nations, have been at the forefront of hUman right struggles, all forms of freedoms and liberation from dictatorial tendencies. In the field of academic and science, Masons have been prominent and led the way. Masons have been the best of philanthropists, in fact, the Grand Charity now Masonic Charitable Foundation of UGLE founded in 1980, taking over the responsibilities of Board of Benevolence is arguably the biggest charity in Europe and perhaps the world at large. 

Going forward, we should consider the following:
Invite qualified friends and family members to the participation of our craft. In  December 1981, The Grand Lodge adopted a statement by the Board of General Purposes which read thus “There is no objection to neutrally worded approach being made to a man who is considered a suitable candidate for Freemasonry. There can be no objection to his being reminded, once, that approach was made. The potential candidate should then be left to make his own decision without further solicitation.
Why then has our roll of members depleted so badly? Why haven't we take up the opportunity provided by this edict to reach out?. Survey locally shows that average Nigerian don't even know Masonic lodges exist in Nigeria and when they do with the aid of internet, they are fed with conspiracy theories and erroneous information by antagonists of the order.
Brethren all, it’s time for us to start taking action and getting quality gentlemen on-board, in a country as big as Nigeria, our membership strength cannot be said to be true reflection of the good men in our midst under any guise. It’s time to come out of the closet.
Social media/Internet Presence: Our corporate presence on the social media is very poor, we must make considerable and deliberate commitment to building and maintaining an internet presence. Internet is the working tools of the 21st century man. We should take a queue from England and others who have benefited immensely from their online investment and presence.
Retention: The strength of any organization lies much in its capacity to retain its folds, while attracting new quality admissions.

MENTOR/INSTRUCTOR: Knowledge is power. Like a sea, the tide of the ocean can stray  a vessel not anchored. So it is when our new entrants are left without a guide and mentor. Our mentors also must be properly equipped with the tools and curriculum to carry out this task and progress of assigned mentee monitored. Curriculum, because he is expected to stick strictly to Masonsry as practiced and sanctioned by the Grand Lodge. We have seen a case of brethren, having multiple fraternal obedience, confusing other ethos with that of Masonry.
Brethren all, the tercentenary provides us an excellent opportunity to showcase the beauty and rich traditions of our institution to Nigerians and the world at large. UGLE has shown the path with the Television series which now airs on Sky TV titled “Inside the Freemasons” we must replicate this concept and bring the craft to the doorstep of the public. Let me use the opportunity to commend and thank the Rt. Worshipful District Grand Master for Nigeria, Rt. Wor. Bro, Olorogun Moses O. Taiga for the great events which are lined up to commemorate this milestone and for his great leadership over the years. May the Great Architect of the Universe bless all true and faithful Masons throughout the world, may brotherly love prevail and every moral and social virtue, bind and cement us, now and for evermore. So mote it be.

Permit me to leave you with a poem, specially dedicated to the memory of our departed brother, Wor. Bro. Ima O. Kagho.
Thank you for your time.

FROM THE KNOCK, TO THE GONG.

I am an Ashlar,
Fresh from the quarry,
In God is my trust firmly rooted,
with reverence I sought His aid,
Led through the antient porchways, like in all ages,
My points of entrance have been perfected,
I am a fellow to the poor, companion of kings

Innocence is not enough, for the stairs of life are intricate,
Nature is not to all fair, chequered are the sojourns,
but gladly partaking of His divine providence,
welfare of my fellow mortals I hold dear.

My promises are sacred,
surrounded by gentlemen of noblest fashion,
Elu of the antient mysteries.

I am hewn and polished readied for the Lewis,
I am a Free and Accepted Mason.


 ~ Crescent.

BIBLIOGRAPHY:
At
A.S MacBride: Speculative Masonry, its roots, its evolution and its Landmarks - 1914
      2. James Anderson: The Constitutions of the Freemason – 1734
      3.  A.G Mackey: The History of Freemasonry Vol II – 1906
      4.  Information for the Guidance of Member of the Craft – 2012
      5.  Rt. Wor. Bro. Yasha Beresiner: 1813 Articles of Union
      6.  Edinburgh House Manuscript
      7.  Gould: History of Freemasonry
      8.  Grand Lodge of Scotland – www.grandlodgeofscotland.com
      9.  United Grand Lodge of England – www.ugle.org.uk
     10. UGLE Masonic Year Book - 2012

FREEMASONRY IN BLACK AND WHITE: BRO. CHARLES HARPER.

                                          -Disclaimer-

-This information does not represent any Masonic Grand Lodge, Lodge, or Jurisdiction of the Fraternity of Freemasons.-

For too long have the norms of society found its way into Freemasonry and leading men of a Masonic Lodge, instead of the beauty of Freemasonry being taught and sending this light into the world within enlightened minds that produces a better society. The knowledge found within the walls of a lodge can make a man truly a better man within his faith, a better father, son, husband and ultimately a better man for the world. There are issues, academic and social, that are preventing this process from happening in Masonic lodges today.

For centuries, a Masonic Lodge has been the place of higher learning. Kings, scholars, presidents, white collar and blue collar individuals, have all advanced the beauty that the Creator of humankind, God, has innately placed within each of us. Like the power of centripetal force, goodness revolving in the center attracts goodness to it. In America, this circular motion is stalling and causes a regression in positive men emanating the beauty of the craft into society.

Quietly, the separation of men due to the darkness of America's past hampers the liberation of each heart. A lack of the ability to invest time in each Mason, as was available in the past during the golden age of the fraternity, to instill in him the beauty of truly being a point within a circle of ALL mankind, has created a domino effect of negative repercussions that is gaining traction with the ability of masons to communicate and see masonry practiced in all parts of the world like never before.

Now is the time to halt the slide and get back to the foundation and intent of the craft. No longer can we quietly hide behind the long existing reverence and mystic of the craft and hope the social issues that led to a division of men, and the lack of holding each Brethren accountable of the responsibility to Master the Craft and being truly declared a Master Builder, will quietly be held to a minimum until the Fraternity recovers by a hopeful influx of new inventive minds. These men are already here entering our lodges seeking light and finding the old ideas working against new ones. Traditions founded out of practice and not of ancient usage and logic guarding the door of true spiritual growth. Men seeking knowledge should not be outcasts within the minority.

There does exist Masonic Grand Lodges that are proactive in these departments, but they are not enough. If we are to continue to produce men that are to lead society into the beautiful humanity that God intends, and that our ancient knowledge was designed to induce, we must all be on one accord.

There can be no waves in the ocean if the planet wasn't moving. The waves of the ocean transport energy around the world. I have always been a wave, but with insight of experience and knowledge gained through proper tutoring and research, I am a wave with a purpose as well.

This book is the baring of my thoughts, mistakes and ultimately- my clarity of mind and spirit. This book is my story, my ideas, and my vision to a better social climate within the Fraternity. It is my humble experience in Black and White.

Reviews

Cliff Porter, author of The Secret Psychology of Freemasonry and The Traditional Observance Lodge

"This book is not for the faint of heart. It is a Brother sharing a very personal part of his journey and in some ways its a little controversial. Just the way in which this Brother came to Masonry makes for a fun Masonic television movie...it was quite the ride and he has the courage to share what he learned along the way.

Race, clandestine Masonry, mysticism, etc. All included. I enjoyed the journey with him and can recommend the read."

Michael R. Poll, New York Times Best-selling author and owner of Cornerstone Publishing

" I was lucky enough to read an advance copy of this work. It is not just a well-written work, it is valuable to the education of every Freemason. I am better for having read this work and strongly encourage all Masons to do likewise."

Carlton Smith, Prince Hall Mason from Illinois

"Bro. Harper presents his personal journey within freemasonry which at times will give the reader an insight to the tenets of the fraternity as well as a great history lesson. His experiences with clandestine organizations will resonate with those who have traveled similar roads. I applaud him for speaking out on this subject and giving his personal story as an example. I couldn't put the book down!"

 Adebayo Afeez, Niger Lodge No: 3882 UGLE, Nigeria.

This book is surely for the inquiring Freemason. Thanks for the light Bro Charles.

www.freemasonryinblackandwhite.com

Charles M. Harper Sr.
charpersr@yahoo.com
www.freemasonryinblackandwhite.com
www.livingstonesmagazine.com

FREEMASONRY AND GOVERNANCE - VERY WORSHIP BRO. HIS EXCELLENCY JOHN AGYEKUM KUFOUR FORMER PRES. OF GHANA.

DISTRICT GRAND LODGE OF NIGERIA (ENGLISH CONSTITUTION) CENTENARY CELEBRATIONS

 



His Excellency Very Worshipful Brother President John Agyekum Kufour is schedule to deliver a speech on " Freemasonry and

Governance " at the centenary celebration event of the District Grand Lodge of Nigeria (English Constitution) which is to hold between 25th through 27th of October, 2013.

The centenary event will be presided over by the Pro Grand Master of Uniteed Grand Lodge of England Bro. Peter Lowndes to be accompanied by the Grand Director of Ceremonies and the Grand Secretary of United Grand Lodge of England and eminent masons all around Africa and the masonic world at large

Come October 25th to 27th 2013, you will agree with me that Lagos Nigeria is the Masonic choice destination. Waiting to see you all.

For information on sponsorship and participation please contact:

website: www.dgln.org
email: 2013@dgln.org, dgs@dgln.org

Freemasonry in Black and White. By Bro. Charles Harper Sr.

A review of the new book, Freemasonry in Black and White written by Charles Harper, by noted Mason author and Historian Brother Michael R. Poll.

"I was lucky enough to read an advance copy of this work. It is not just a well-written work, it is valuable to the education of every Freemason. I am better for having read this work and strongly encourage all Masons to do likewise."

Michael R. Poll (1954 - present) is the owner of Cornerstone Book Publishers. He is a Fellow and Past President of The Masonic Society, a Fellow of the Philalethes Society, a Fellow of the Maine Lodge of Research and Secretary of the Louisiana Lodge of Research.

A New York Times Bestselling writer and publisher, he is a prolific writer, editor and publisher of Masonic and esoteric books. As time permits, he travels and speaks on the history of Freemasonry, with a particular focus on the early history of the Scottish Rite.

He lives in New Orleans, LA with his wife and two sons.

To purchase, please go to:
http://www.amazon.com/Freemasonry-Black-White-Charles-Harper/dp/0615819060/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1369696224&sr=8-1&keywords=freemasonry+in+black+and+white

Freemasonry in Black and White

www.amazon.com

For too long have the norms of society found its way into Freemasonry and leading men of a Masonic Lodge, instead of the beauty of Freemasonry being taught and sending this light into the world within enlightened minds that produces a better society. The knowledge found within the walls of a lodg...

MOST WORSHIPFUL BRO. OTWASUOM OSAE NYANPONG VI. THE GRAND MASTER OF MOST WORSHIPFUL GRAND LODGE OF ATIENT FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS OF GHANA IN AN INTERVIEW ABOUT FREEMASONRY ON JOY TELEVISION IN GHANA.

A TIMELY CHAT TO A NEW FREEMASON BY BROTHER BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

A TIMELY CHAT TO A NEW FREEMASON BY BROTHER BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

CENTENARY CELEBRATIONS

From the desk of RW Bro. Olorogun Moses Taiga
District Grand Master of Nigeria (English Constitution)

As the euphoria of the African Cup of Nation fades into the horizon we look forward to many more exciting events and opportunities the African continent holds whether in sports, business, entertainment or charitable giving.

The centenary is a significant milestone for English Freemasonry in Nigeria and while we're keen to celebrate our hundred years, it's also crucial that we look forward to ensure that we remain relevant and continue to grow our membership over the next hundred years.
The celebration presents with a tremendous opportunity to promote Freemasonry and our desire to continue to be a strong part of modern society and to help others.
In this edition of our centenary newsletter we provide you with details about the program, speakers and also about the cost of participating in the upcoming events.
Apart from the core committee members listed here, I strongly wish to encourage brethren to volunteer their services so that together we can make this a successful event. We hope you will find the information useful and look forward to a memorable.

Invitation

On behalf of the District Grand Master for Nigeria RWBro Olorogun Moses Taiga, I have pleasure in inviting you to attend the Centenary Celebrations of District Grand Lodge of Nigeria, to be held in Lagos on Friday 25th October 2013 through to Sunday 27th October 2013 inclusive. In addition to marking the Centenary of the District this event will also celebrate the positive effects which English Freemasonry has had on Nigeria and its people over the last 100 years. Please join us in helping to make this a truly memorable occasion.
We are committed to ensuring that your stay will include the very best elements of welcome and hospitality for which Nigeria is famous. Do feel free to contact me on any issue using contact details provided .

We look forward to seeing you in Lagos!

 

Your Host City

Lagos State is an administrative region of Nigeria. The smallest of Nigeria's states, Lagos State is the second most populous state after Kano State, and     arguably the most economically important state of the county, containing Lagos, the nation's largest urban area. Lagos State was created on May 27, 1967 by virtue of State (Creation and Transitional Provisions) Decree No. 14 of 1967, which restructured Nigeria’s Federation into 12 states. Early settlements around Lagos state was in Ebute Metta and dates back to the fifteenth century when some Awori migrants left their hometown of Isheri during a period of war called Ogun Ajakaye . Instability as a result of wars in Egba, Egbado and Ijebu areas further led to emigrants in areas such as Iddo, Oto, Ojora and Idido. Idido later become a market center with a ruler called the Olofin. It was Aromire, Olofin's son who according to some Lagos traditions pioneered a farming and fishing settlement across the lagoon which became known as Oko. Many settlements in the burgeoning town became centers of commerce and soon attracted the Benin empire from the east. Benin brought Lagos under its control and appointed Ashipa as Olorogun, the title later supplanted Olofin.

USEFUL Information for Overseas Visitors

1. Health Regulations An international vaccination certificate against yellow fever (10 years) is required. Cholera (6 months) is also required if coming from an infected area. Anti-malaria prophylaxis and TB    inoculation are recommended.
2. Visa Application One visa application form per applicant, plus   one copy. The Embassy of Nigeria has introduced a web-based visa application form and payment procedure. The Nigerian visa application form must be submitted and paid for online. Please print a copy of the completed form. A signed letter of invitation from the District Grand Lodge explaining the relationship to the applicant and the     purpose of travel to Nigeria is available. The letter indicates the length of stay, place of stay, and contact    information, and includes the statement "We hereby accept full immigration responsibilities".
3. Currency The currency is the Nigerian Naira. There are a number of Bureau de Change and banks at the Airport and most Hotels.
4. Pasport  All passports must have a minimum of 6 months validity    including the period you will be in Nigeria plus some free pages. Failure to have a valid passport may have you stranded in your home country or   another country while in transit but outside of Nigeria.
5. Clothing /Shoes /Weather Gear Humidity is high all year round and can get real sticky when standing under the sun. It is recommended that smart casuals will be just fine here. However, for all formal meetings; though the weather can be really hot, the local business community are usually very well dressed, with ties and suits or jackets.
6. Language English is the official language and is widely spoken.
   Foreigners with no knowledge of the local languages can get around       without any difficulty.
7. Telecommunication Overseas Guests can keep in touch with the         families and loved ones at many points throughout their stay via mobile phone and the Tour Leader will advise on how to obtain a local sim card etc
8. Protocol & Logistics Our team of protocol Officers will be receiving our Overseas Visitors at the point of arrival and provide transportation to the respective hotels. They will also be available to assist with logistics during your stay and up to your departure

   Ticket Prices

   For Resident Members & Guests
   Lagos Members N24,000  /  Country Members N20,000  Includes:
   Cocktail on 25th October, Centenary Banquet 26th October, Program Registration Pack, Thanksgiving Service . For Overseas Guests
   £ 200  per person or   £ 300  per couple  ( $ 320 or $ 480 couple )    Includes :
   Protocol at airport on arrival and departure, security and transportation throughout stay; centenary ceremony, Cocktail on 25th October, Centenary Banquet 26th October,  Program Registration Pack, Thanksgiving Service.
   PLEASE NOTE:  
   Hotel & Airfare NOT INCLUDED but special rates will be provided where applicable.
   

   Payment Methods and Prices

   Cash can be paid directly to a Nigerian Bank . Payment can be made in any of the following ways Cheque or Bank Transfer
   In person: At Registration table Telephone Enquiries: +234 80 2223 2945
   Bank Transfers
   POUNDS STERLING (GBP) TRANSACTIONS
   CORRESPONDENT BANK NAME: FBN BANK (UK) LIMITED -
   (SWIFT CODE: FBNIGB2L)
   SORT CODE: 405204
   BENEFICIARY INSTITUTION: FIRST BANK OF NIGERIA PLC, LAGOS -
   (SWIFT CODE: FBNINGLA)
   ACCOUNT NO. 100396-GBP-CLBANK-01
   FINAL BENEFICIARY: Customer’s Name : DISTRICT GRAND LODGE OF NIGERIA A/C: 2022718635
   Bank Transfers
   DOLLAR TRANSACTIONS
   CORRESPONDENT BANK NAME: STANDARD CHARTERED BANK, NEW YORK         
   (SWIFT CODE: SCBLUS33)
   ABA NO: 026002561
   BENEFICIARY INSTITUTION: FBN BANK UK LTD - (SWIFT CODE: FBNIGB2L)
   A/C 3582059969001
   FOR FURTHER CREDIT: FIRST BANK OF NIG PLC, LAGOS
   (SWIFT CODE: FBNINGLA)           
   A/C 100396-USD-CLBANK-02 
   FINAL BENEFICIARY: CUSTOMER’SNAME: DISTRICT GRAND LODGE OF NIGERIA
   A/C: 2022718532
   Our bank details for local brethren are as follows
   BANK: First Bank Plc  . 
   ACCOUNT NAME: District Grand Lodge of Nigeria ACB
   ACCOUNT No. 2002771098 / SORT CODE: 011152303
   NOTE :  Cash can be paid directly to Nigerian Bank  but it is strongly recommended  that other methods of payment be used. All payments must include your full name and proof of payment must be tendered at conference registration table 

Contact us on: 
email: dgs@dgln.org, 2013@dgln.org
Address: District Grand Lodge of Nigeria, St.George’s Hall, 28 Broad Street, Lagos.

Website: www.dgln.org

 

RESPONSIBILITIES OF A MASTER MASON

Responsibilities of being a Master Mason

The day of a Mason’s raising to the sublime degree of Master Mason is a powerful one.  The Brother does know exactly what to make of the experience of which he has just taken part, but he knows that it was special and centuries old.  Though it took hours to complete, most of it went by in a blur.  He knows a bunch of ritual was spoken.  When he could see clearly, he listened to many lectures recited to them from the memory of Master Masons.  Marveled at how men could have so much secured in their memories, reciting paragraph after paragraph, new Master Masons generally stand in shock.  Men giving lectures, seemingly as if they were just talking instead of delivering them verbatim, shock and awe after the incredible words that describe so much moral beauty would most likely describe the thoughts in their minds instead of the understanding of what they are being told are their new life long responsibilities.

As I read remarks written on public forums on the internet by Masons from around the world, my heart tends to glow with the warmth at the thought that men, only strangers by name, share the same ideas of a world-wide brotherhood, reciting statements that mainly only other regular Masons would recognize.  Now, until one Masons has either sat in a Lodge with a Brother, or confirmed his membership, he cannot truly know if men speaking on some of these sites are actually Masons, but because the internet is not secure and no “secret” information is exchanged, it is harmless fun and fellowship.  Or, is it?

I was recently reading a comment on a site used by the public with many posters, supposed Master Masons, excitedly sharing photos of the Lodge in which they hold membership and displaying their love for the Craft.  Masons proudly showed pictures of their Lodge rooms and of their members.  Other Masons remarked at their displeasure of certain Grand Lodge recognition issues that plague our Fraternity, and at times, has existed long before freemasonry broached the shores of the United States.   None of this is shocking to hear as the internet has provided a wonderful new avenue for Masons to communicate about issues that affect the Fraternity.  What was a cause for concern is the amount of misinformation held by Brethren about things that are not left up to speculation.

One man, claiming to be a Mason, repeatedly remarked after seeing a picture of two Masons of different races standing together, “There is something incredibly wrong with this picture.”  It seems he was insinuating that two men of different races should not be pictured together as Masons.  Another troubling comment was towards the issue of the southern Grand Lodges and the southern Prince Hall Grand Lodges status of and absence of a formal recognition agreement.  Another Masons made remarks about the Grand Lodge of Florida and the expulsion of a Mason for not being of an acceptable religion that is compatible with the requirements of a belief in the “type” of Supreme Being.  Another Mason supported the expulsion of such religious types stating they “those types of people, do not belong in Freemasonry. 

Personally, I support a man’s informed conclusion about any topic that takes into consideration a balanced sense of logic, and one that is reflective, in one way or the other, of the facts surrounding any conflicting topic.  Philosophers call these types of debates scientific arguments.  Each person brings to the arena of disagreement an unemotional fact that can be for, or against, certain standards relating to an issue.  The problem is that sometimes these facts bring with them emotional feelings that can tend to cloud the logical process of a calm debate.

What is troubling is that, what I have seen publically in these several forums is reflective of what tends to be at the root of some of the troubles with the communication that tends to exist in and amongst Masons.  One Brother with an absolutist opinion about an issue, and holding it beyond contention, the other Brother can be just as steadfast against his Brother’s opinion.  Notice I said opinion and not a conclusion of facts.  My concern is: Why is this happening more and more and, could it be a deteriorating issue affecting the Craft?  It is very easy for one to say to another, “Remember your Obligation Brother,” attempting to give a Brother a moment of pause before his actions become regrettable.  I wonder how many truly understand their obligation beyond the ability to recite it from memory.

This lack of understanding of the context of our ritual is probably not limited to the obligation.  How many times have you heard one say, “Remember your charge my Brother?”  How many times while memorizing the ritual and lectures do we look up that word we have never seen or pronounced before to see what it means in the context it is said and how exactly is it even pronounced?  I had a discussion not too long ago, and I just happen to like to use words I learn in ritual in regular conversations, I injected a word as it specifically conveyed exactly what I meant.  The Past Master, who had sat in the Oriental Chair previous times, was insulted by the word I used saying that I was talking over him with the large words I was using. 

I apologized to the Brother as I did not use the word to insult his intelligence.  I also did not have the heart to tell him the word comes right out of the ritual we tell candidates in our degrees.  In that moment, it was becoming clear to me the extent of which we were holding ourselves responsible to the commitment we all had taken, which does not stop at being explained to us at the end of the obligation.  Our responsibilities had been explained to us when we were first received into a Lodge of Masons and extends through the charge to the Master Mason at the end of the Third degree.  How many listen though?  I mean, truly listen, and understand?

When a man is raised to the Sublime Degree of Master Mason, the Lodge is announcing to the world that this man has be proven to have mastered the knowledge of his Craft, the same as when one is a master of his craft in the operative days, his knowledge has been certified by the master of which he had apprenticed.  How many Masters are certain that when a man is made a Master Builder, he has truly mastered, or another word to use here, understood completely his responsibility of being called a Master.

Now, being a Master does not mean one is “all knowing,” for only the one which we each, individually refer to as our Deity, possess that absolute title.  But, we should have a somewhat complete understanding of those things for which we have obliged ourselves.  A man taking a vow of marriage obliges to certain things.  For the sake of being religiously neutral, I will quote a civil wedding vow.

“I take you to be my lawfully wedded (husband/wife).

 Before these witnesses I vow to love you and care for you

 As long as we both shall live.

 I take you, with all your faults and strengths,

 As I offer myself to you

 With all my faults and strengths.

 I will help you when you need help, and

 Turn to you when I need help.

 I choose you as the person with whom I will spend my life.”[i]

Now, these vows are very specific.  It is clear that one is avowing to take of the other, in good times and bad, for better or worse, till deaths do they part.  This means that no matter what, they vow to be with one another, forsaking all others and disparages, until their death.  Most people understand these vows, even if 50% of couples now-a-days end up in divorce because they do not possess the ability to keep these vows due to commitment issues or selfishness, or even immaturity.  They said them and then they forget they swore to keep them.  Did they understand what they were committing themselves too in the first place?

Let us go back to some of the examples I previously listed as the topics of arguments on some of these forums, like I said, they happen to be some of the same arguments happening outside of the internet.  But, before we analyze the “what” of these arguments, let us explore the “why” of how these arguments come to be in existence in the first place.  It has to do with the reception and analyzing of information a man processes.  How does one gain knowledge in the first place, especially about the plethora of ideas and facts presented in the fraternity. 

Philosophy is a good place to start.  In the study of philosophy, one learns how to disseminate between what is knowledge and what is common sense.  Philosophers refer to this kind of examination as epistemology. “Epistemology, or the study of knowledge, investigates what we know, how we know it, and what kind of confidence we can have in our knowledge claims.”[ii]

One type of knowledge is called propositional knowledge.  This is where one asserts a fact of some sort, but does not substantiate the fact with scientific facts.  The sky is blue is a known sort of fact.  One could analyze further that the sky is blue, but it is also composed of red, orange, yellow, green, indigo and violet.  Blue just happens to be the color that is most perceived by our visual capabilities.  It is true the sky is blue, but it is also all the other colors.  When giving the statement that the sky is blue, one does not intentionally leave out the rest of the colors, he just does not know because it is beyond his scope of knowledge.

Another type of knowledge is procedural knowledge.  Rather than speculate on how something might be done, one has first knowledge of how it is done because they have been instructed in the discipline.  For example, one knows how to change a tire, not by seeing it done, but having actually learned and done it personally.  This person can give you step by step directions because the process is explained by first-hand knowledge.

Knowledge by association is another type of knowledge one may possess.  A person asserts their knowledge by being simply associated with someone who may know something.  For example, one may convey about how to do an exercise properly because they know a trainer who teaches people how to exercise.  For our purposes in Freemasonry, one may assert some by-laws because he has heard his lodge Brother states some.  But in fact, he does not know the by-laws himself.

All of these types of knowledge must be confronted with what keeps logic factual and not speculated. It must withstand scrutiny or skepticism.  Skepticism is the confrontation of a stated fact to see if it withstands logical examination of credibility.  It is what separates what we may believe with what is concretely known and can be proven.  For example, I can think my car is the fastest in town and I can even say that I believe my car is the fastest in town.  But, until I race my car against every car in town, I cannot know for certain that my car is the fastest.

As a Freemason, this is what separates Brethren from obtaining enlightenment and those who simply exist without knowing what truths may exist beyond their scope.  It is the difference between conceiving the intent of our rituals versus the reading and reciting of the ritual and believing that the deliverance is the extent of the learning.  I have heard it said that there are parrot Masons and then there are teachers of the mystic knowledge of the Craft.  A parrot will recite the ritual verbatim and when you ask what something means, they recite a sentence of the ritual.  Then, there are the teachers.  When a Brother asks what a certain part of the ritual is meant to convey, they give the actual incite of the words and how they relate to each of us on an individual basis.  Remember, the journey of enlightenment in Freemasonry is an individual journey, particular to each Brother.  All can be shown the door and given the key, but only those who are truly desiring the proper journey can turn the key and enter.  Some spend their entire Masonic careers on the front porch, all the time believing they were on the inside by the fire.

What is secret about Freemasonry and what is not secret?  A Brother swore to me that sharing a picture of the inside of a Lodge room while the Lodge is closed is violating one’s masonic obligation.  Why did he believe with such conviction that this was exposing the secrets of Freemasonry?  Has he not ever been to a Lodge Officer’s public installation?  Has he not been to a Grand Lodge Communication before Grand Lodge is opened while all of the different woman’s orders are being praised for their good work?  No, he hadn’t.  His knowledge was limited because he did know the how, he only knew what he perceived as fact without investigation or the analyzing if he was right or wrong in his assertion.  It just so happens that his own Grand Lodge had a picture of all the Grand Officers in a Lodge, standing right behind a closed altar.  Is the belief he is taught in his lodge correct though his Grand Lodge states differently?  The answer is no. 

Why some things are kept secret from the uninitiated?  Certain things, such as our signs, grips, passwords and the ritual itself are kept secret.  Why? They are secret because the context in which they are conveyed brings understanding.  Without having been properly initiated into the Craft, one cannot understand in the proper context the information and truth he is to assimilate into his conscious and subconscious thoughts.  This is the reason that anti-masonic conspiracy theorist have so much ability to draw attention to their rants, they use exposés to promote their cause and see logic in what they saw because they are uninitiated.  They cannot understand the ritual in the proper context as they are simply reading and deciphering rather than going through the ritual itself.  They see our signs, symbols and such in a way that only the uninitiated or even the misinformed Mason himself can see them.  Again, this is knowledge learned through association.  They think they know because they see what they choose to see, but they do not know the how because they do not have hands-on experience.

How does a Brother learn than what is secret and what is not?  Simple, review the obligation and then seek out more Brethren to discuss what every part of the obligation means and in the context that it is meant.  Also, seek out the Grand Lodge’s position of what is allowed to be shown to the public and what is not.  Then, we must individually compare what we have been told from the different sources with certain logic.  Logic is specifically a science that deals with the principles and criteria of validity of inference and demonstration.[iii]  As the Entered Apprentice degree prepares our heart, which is the seat of our conscience, the Fellowcraft degrees prepares our mind to assimilate ideas and differentiate between what is opinion and what simply “is” in order to draw a proper and beneficial conclusion that does not necessarily promote our own interest, but one that benefits all of worthy Brother Master Masons.  This, needless to say, is a reflective process that emanates goodness out to the world.

When we say we are obliged not to expose the secrets of Freemasonry, we are referring to all those things that are done in a tyled Lodge.  Is a Lodge tyled when it is closed?  No, it is not.  Is the altar still present when a Lodge is closed?  Yes, it is.  So, seeing the lodge room while the lodge is not tyled is not exposing a secret.  Again, there is a presumption of what is secret and there is logical deduction of what is secret.  One should not have to be told a lodge room presents no secrets if he surmises that a lodge is always tyled when it is open.  No Tyler, no open lodge, no secrets to protect. 

How about recognition between Grand Lodges and appendant bodies?  A Brother remarked that the Grand Lodge of Tennessee does not recognize the Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Tennessee because the Prince Hall Grand Lodge does not pay their per capita tax to the Grand Lodge of Tennessee.  Why would they?  Both Grand Lodges are sovereign onto themselves and both Grand Lodges are regular in their forming.  I asked the Brother if he had ever heard of the Exclusive Territorial Jurisdiction Doctrine.  He said, “No.”  Now, not everybody knows what ETJ is, but doesn’t it seem strange that one Grand Lodge would pay another Grand Lodge per capita in the same respect the a subordinate Lodge pays per capita for each of their members? 

Another subject that is brought up whenever there is a conversation relating to the recognition between Grand Lodges and Prince Hall Grand Lodges is that Grand Lodges all Grand Lodges in the south do not desire to extend recognition to Prince Hall Grand Lodges out of racism as these Grand Lodges are the Confederate States of the Civil War era.  This is simply not true.  One cannot concede all Grand Lodges do not want recognition with Prince Hall Grand Lodges.  The Grand Lodge of Texas extended recognition to the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Texas.  However, the Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Texas did not want visitation. 

Section III of the Compact agreement between the Grand Lodge of Texas and the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Texas states:

Be it remembered that on December 1, 2006, The Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Texas, in its 171^st Grand Annual Communication acted favorably on the July 13, 2005, request of The Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Texas, F. & A. M., and Jurisdiction, requesting fraternal recognition, which said request in no way is a request to join, merge, meet, interfere or have visitation between the two jurisdictions and that it is only for the two Grand Lodges to acknowledge and formally recognize each other as being legitimate and regular.”[iv]

All Grand Lodges are sovereign and it is not up to anyone to try to infer why a Grand Lodge does or does not want visitation. However, there are many uninformed men who simply think Texas did not want Prince Hall Masons in their Lodge because of race.  While no one should assume to guess what is in a man’s mind, the stipulations of this compact shows that it was the Prince Hall Grand Lodge that did not desire mutual visitation at the time of this compact.  Again, another example of speculated truth and the facts of what truly exists.

The problem is the lack of understanding of what we are here to do.  We say the usual standard statements of, “We take good men and make them better,” or “We come here to subdue are passions and improve in being a Mason.”  The question is, how?  How are we improving ourselves if we do not even understand all of the words in the several lines of masonic catechism to deliver our proficiencies?  Further than that, how are we Masters of our Craft and exercising our rights to explore Masonic communication when we have not learned what the trivium and quadrivium means to how we process thought and convey meaningful messages? 

It is through the understanding of the lectures that we can more efficiently execute our purpose in life within the bounds of our obligation.  How can we correct the irregularities of our less informed Brothers when we ourselves do not have a clear understanding of what Masonic irregularities even are?  How can we subdue our passions when we have not analyzed what our vices are in compared to our own divine moral law?  How can we change from who we were to who we are going to be if, as Brother John S. Nagy, author of Building Better Builders, the acclaimed Masonic Education book series, often says, “When we have not done the work of each degree?”

Too many arguments happen that get incredibly out of proportion due to Masons who are Masters, but have not mastered what they have obliged to master, if that makes sense.  If I am to act within due bounds of all mankind, don’t I need to subdue preconceived notions of the parts of humanity I previously held prejudices against?  If I am to understand the logic another is using, don’t I need to first understand what logic is and how to define the credibility that establishes the foundation of one’s logic?  If I am to subdue my passion, shouldn’t I learn how to accept criticism and carry a sense of humility? Otherwise, how do we ever keep adding to our knowledge if we believe we know everything already? 

Socrates said, “As for me, all I know is that I know nothing.”[v]  Socrates, the philosopher that lived in the 500 BCE eras, who taught philosophy to Plato, is considered one of the first great thinkers. So, why would one of the greatest philosophers of all time say a line like this?  He said this because his idea of knowledge was always held beyond what he already knew.  If he knew everything, he would have never had a question to ask.  He knew that if a man ever reached the point that he did not retain humility in thought as one of his greatest attributes; his ability to learn would cease, and therefore negate his advancement in personal growth.

We must all take a page from Socrates.  It is not that there are many wise men in and outside of our Craft, quite the opposite.  However, no of us are so intelligent, or knowledge, to assume that we know all there is to know about everything.  There is always knowledge that exists right beyond our present comprehension.  If we accept this, perhaps one would not be so quick to dismiss another’s proposal.  Perhaps, it would be easier to spread the cement of brotherly love over the cracks that exist amongst our order due to the fact that none of us are perfect.  Perfection does not require work to be better.  All are in the transition between the rough and the perfect ashlar. 

Perhaps in the next confrontation of our proposal, we might remember that no one can afford to be absolute in their thinking. For if we are all to meet on the level, then we are all equal in our imperfections and hopefully, all aspire to learn more about each other, and ourselves.  Remember my Brethren, it takes materials such as cement, clay, sand, iron ore and limestone, brought together in a proper manner to make cement.  No one part alone can make cement, it takes all kinds.  We, as Masonic Brethren, also are made up of all kinds.  Brought together properly, we make the cement that unites us into one common mass, which is the intent of Fraternal Brotherhood.

Fraternally submitted,

Brother Charles M. Harper Sr

---

[i] http://www.myweddingvows.com/traditional-wedding-vows/civil-ceremony-wedding-vows

[ii] Mosser, K. (2010) Philosophy: A Concise Introduction, Bridgepoint Education, Inc.  https://content.ashford.edu/books/AUPHI208.11.1/sections/sec3.1

[iii] http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/logic

[iv] Compact between the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Texas and The Most Worshipful Prince Hall Grand Lodge of Texas and Jurisdiction, F. & A.M.

[v] http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/s/socrates378498.html